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2. Samjae

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2-1. Samjae & Kang-Yu as TAEKWONDO

All kinds of techniques in Taekwondo can be divided into two wide categories of Kang and Yu technique. However, there is TAEKWONDO¹⁾ that enables these techniques of Kang and Yu, which is Ilgiyae(the One Skill). Though it is only a technique we can divide it into two categories. You can get right idea of this when you understand it distinctive change on the nondistinctive truth. It is the concept of Samjae that provides you with logical understanding. Accordingly, the idea of Samjae is critical to understand Ilgiyae, the ultimate substance of Taekwondo and its concrete kinds of Kang-Yu.

The oldest people taught us "three when divided and one when united, this three and one settle the position of Great Truth".²⁾ This explains the truth of nondistinctive Ilgiyae can be understood distinctively through the Samjae. The firsthand contents of this distinctive understanding suggests Kang-gi and Yu-gi(techniques of Kang and Yu). Therefore, "The sages have called the three of Sky, Earth and Man "Samjae(Three Essential Materials)" and taught it as foundation of every change. All the changes of Taekwondo come from around it and none of them can go over it."(Ch.13)

<Everything that can be explained with Samjae and Kang-Yu can be said to follow TAEKWONDO.>

Thus, Taekwondo as a martial art is a framework of man's motion that follows the principles of Samjae and Kang-Yu. And TAEKWONDO as a philosophical priniciple is nothing more than distinctive forms of Samjae and Kang-Yu. All the motions of Taekwondo can be explained with principles of Samjae and Kang-Yu, and conversely, everything that can be explained with them can be said to follow TAEKWONDO.

Many people learn Taekwondo. But since they only imitate its visible shapes failing to understand its principle of Samjae and Kang-Yu they cannot make use of the techniques they've learned when necessary, in spite of their abundant effort. Thus anyone who wants to know the truth of Taekwondo, once he's mastered its motions as techniques, should understand the principles of Samjae and Kang-Yu investigating the inner truth of Taekwondo.

1) Also In this article like PPT, the concepts of "Taekwondo" and "TAEKWONDO" were distinguished. "TAEKWONDO" refers to the philosophical principles that man should follow in his life, i.e, the inner feature of Taekwondo as Do() while "Taekwondo" refers to the principles of motion to control one's mind and body, i.e. the outer feature of Taekwondo as motions. Pronunciations of both are same and both refer to a thing, to different aspects of a thing respectively. But this distinction was made just in order to explain logically explicitly what the old masters have taught. Perhaps this distinction may be unnecessary. Anyway, readers can read and understand all with no considerations on it.
2) Book of Great Truth(神理大全), 4. 分則三也, 合則一也, 三一而神位定